What Causes Retina Damage?

The retina is a thin layer of light-sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye, essential for vision. It captures light signals and sends them to the brain via the optic nerve, allowing us to see clearly. Since the retina plays such a vital role in eyesight, any damage to it can lead to visual disturbances—or in severe cases, permanent vision loss.

At Prestera Eye Medical Group, board-certified ophthalmologist Dr. Tory Prestera and glaucoma specialist Dr. Howard Guan diagnose and treat a wide range of retinal conditions. They are dedicated to not only improving their patients’ vision but also enhancing their overall quality of life through compassionate, personalized care. With this in mind, they believe that understanding the causes of retina damage is an important first step in protecting your vision and seeking timely care.

Age-Related Retina Damage

One of the most common causes of retina damage is aging. As we grow older, the delicate structures of the eye—including the retina—are more prone to wear and tear. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. It can affect the macula, which is the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, straight-ahead vision used in activities like reading and driving.

There are two forms of AMD: dry and wet. Dry AMD develops slowly and can cause gradual vision loss due to thinning of the macula. Wet AMD, on the other hand, involves abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina that can leak fluid and cause sudden vision changes. Dr. Prestera and Dr. Guan offer advanced diagnostics and treatment options, including injectable medication, laser treatment, and vitamin recommendations, to help slow the progression of AMD and preserve your remaining vision.

Diseases That Affect the Retina

Several systemic and ocular diseases can lead to retinal damage, especially if left untreated:

Diabetic Retinopathy

People with diabetes are at high risk for developing diabetic retinopathy, a condition caused by high blood sugar levels damaging the small blood vessels in the retina. Over time, these vessels may leak fluid or blood, leading to swelling, scarring, or retinal detachment. In its early stages, diabetic retinopathy may not present symptoms, which is why regular eye exams are essential for individuals with diabetes.

At our practice, diabetic retinopathy can be managed with personalized care plans that may include lifestyle guidance, retinal laser therapy, or intravitreal injections to reduce swelling and prevent further damage.

Retinal Vein Occlusion

This condition occurs when a vein in the retina becomes blocked, usually by a blood clot. Known as retinal vein occlusion (RVO), this blockage can cause fluid buildup and hemorrhaging, leading to blurry vision or sudden vision loss. Risk factors for RVO include high blood pressure, diabetes, and glaucoma.

Dr. Prestera and Dr. Guan utilize diagnostic imaging tools to assess the extent of damage and provide effective treatments such as medication injections or laser procedures to stabilize vision.

Trauma and Retinal Tears or Detachments

Physical trauma to the eye—whether from a sports injury, car accident, or other blunt force—can cause retinal tears or even retinal detachment, a serious condition where the retina pulls away from its normal position. Detachments may also occur without direct trauma, particularly in patients with high myopia (nearsightedness), prior eye surgery, or a family history of retinal problems.

Symptoms of a retinal tear or detachment may include sudden flashes of light, floaters, or the sensation of a “curtain” coming over your vision. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention to prevent permanent vision loss. Our team at Prestera Eye Medical Group offer laser retinopexy for small retinal tears and holes, but typically refer out for the repair of retinal detachments.

Other Causes of Retina Damage

• Infections and inflammation can affect the retina and lead to complications if not properly managed.
• Inherited retinal conditions may cause progressive vision loss over time.
• Macular holes and epiretinal membranes are other age-related conditions that can affect the central retina and cause distortion or blurring of vision.

These conditions can also be treated at Prestera Eye Medical Group, potentially through outpatient procedures.

Protecting Your Retinal Health

While some causes of retina damage are unavoidable, many can be managed with early detection and proper treatment. As the retina is a highly specialized structure, its care requires the expertise of experienced eye doctors. At Prestera Eye Medical Group, Dr. Prestera and Dr. Guan are dedicated to providing personalized, cutting-edge retinal care focused on preserving and restoring vision.

If you are experiencing visual changes—or if you have risk factors like diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of retinal disease—don’t wait. Contact our practice to schedule a consultation and take proactive steps to protect your vision.